'Cyber World' - Common Attacks

Some Common Terms in cyber world:

1.Hacking:

Hacking recognizes weaknesses in PC frameworks or systems to misuse its weaknesses to obtain entrance.

Example of Hacking: Using password cracking algorithm to gain access to a system.

A Hacker is a person who finds and exploits the weakness in computer systems and/or networks to gain access.

The following list classified hackers according to their intent:

1._Ethical Hacker (White hat): A hacker who gains access to systems with a view to fix the identified weaknesses. They may also perform penetration testing and vulnerability assessments.

2._Cracker (Black hat): A hacker who gains unauthorized access to computer systems for personal gain. The intent is usually to steal corporate data, violate privacy rights, transfer funds from bank accounts etc.

3._Grey hat: A hacker who is in between ethical and black hat hackers. He/she breaks into computer systems without authority with a view to identify weaknesses and reveal them to the system owner

4._Script kiddies: A non-skilled person who gains access to computer systems using already made tools.

5._Hacktivist: A hacker who use hacking to send social, religious, and political, etc. messages. This is usually done by hijacking websites and leaving the message on the hijacked website.

6._Phreaker: A hacker who identifies and exploits weaknesses in telephones instead of computers.

2.Trojan Horse:

A Trojan horse or Trojan is a sort of malware that is regularly disguised as genuine programming. 

Trojans can be utilized by digital hoodlums and programmers attempting to access clients' systems who are normally deceived by some type of social engineering into stacking and executing Trojans on their systems. 

Once activated, Trojans can empower digital crooks to keep an eye on you, take your sensitive information, and pick up secondary passage access to your system.

These actions can include:

·                            * Deleting data
         

               * Blocking data
          

               * Modifying data
          

               * Copying data 

               

               * Disrupting the performance of computers or computer networks.
 

Trojans are not able to self-replicate.

3.Phishing:

 Phishing is the attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details,often for malicious reasons.

 It is carried out by email spoofing or instant messaging.  It often directs users to enter personal information at a fake website, the look & feel of which are identical to the legitimate one and the only difference is the URL of the website in concern.

Phishing is an example of social engineering techniques used to deceive users, and exploits weaknesses in current web security.

4.Spyware: 

Spyware is software that aims to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge, that may send such information to another entity without the consumer's consent.

"Spyware" is mostly classified into four types: adware, system monitors, tracking cookies, and Trojans

Example-keyloggers,rootkits etc.

Spamming:  It is the electronic messaging systems to send an unsolicited message (spam), especially advertising, as well as sending messages repeatedly on the same site. 

                                                  

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